Show MAD ANTHONYS ANTHONY'S VICTORY at FALLEN a sat sata a b TIMBERS TIMBERS w v vA A a ti 4 II ld i 4 l fJ r F g g 41 4 c M Mt ML MY X 1 yF r A L Y i t z G J t t tt t t Y w y 4 Y r Gen en Anthony Wa Wayne ne net ney t y e Wayne Wa Wavine ne Statue In in- in Tort Fort Wayne Ind By ELMO SCOTT WATSON WATSON WATSON- 20 marks nm s the one hundred bundled fortik forti fortieth eth anniversary of a n battle that Is unique In American history rot For It ItIs itis y Is If It there has ever been beene GUST t ta i e ia ea a military engagement ot or more far reaching consequences won von as easily CAsily easil 1 and as quickly as was wa Mad Mad ad An S thony thong 8 nc s victory over 0 er th the confederated Indian tribes of the theOld Old orth 1 est at I I alien allen Timbers on the tank banks of the Maumee river In northwestern Ohio on August 20 O 1794 ot 1 ot only was It all the more brilliant by b con contrast contrast with the disasters a 4 had befallen two tw t 0 American generals who ho had previously tried to t subdue these same red rC men but It led directly to t another victors won around the council fire Instead In Instead instead stead of or on the the battlefield 1 Treaty of Green sille signed just a year car later Without these two the settlement of ot the Ohio country the push pushIng pushIng lag Ing of the lie frontier line clear to the Mississippi river and the opening up of the rich Mich inland empire of the Mississippi Valley alley alley to the land hungry Americans of the early Nineteenth cen century century century tury ml might ht have hafe been teen postponed Indefinitely f So o the LatUe ot of rallen Timbers Is a milepost In Inthe the of nor ard That expansion began bean even before the i was over o and the decide decade shish followed the signing of the Treaty of Paris saw thou thousands sands of settlers streaming through h Pittsburgh the the Gateway to tIle the West cst est of that period and floating down dorm the Ohio to see seek new homes both hotto h to the north and to the south of tint that river rl The Indians of ot that the region region the Shawnees and tto Potta Hatched mies-Hatched watched with alarm this tilts ever efer Increasing tIde of or white men pouring Into their hunting grounds British Imperial officers In Canada also watched the flood of Immigration with pith Ith dismay It If Ift It kept t tiP sip It meant the end of ot the profitable fur trade In tint area So If It they did not actually encourage encourage age the Indian attacks on the American settlers they certainly did not discourage them and anthe the forts and trading posts which they still held helIn d In the est hest est In spite of ot the terms of the Treaty of Paris were outfitting points for many a sealIng scalp lag Ing scalpIng party that went out to harass the Immigrant traffic on the Ohio hot hat ot only were ere they threatening to wipe out the these e new settlements but back bac In Philadelphia the new federal gO seemed to be tot tottering to to Its ruin because of the blow blows ch ans Clair glair defeats hid dealt to Its prestige In this tills crisis President called upon an old friend of ot Revolutionary War ar days to mike make good where the lie others had failed d Gen Anthony had retired to private life In t 1 ania after the Pe buthen but when hen Washington ton asked him him to reorganize the arcand army and take tahe command of ot a third expedition against the Indians he accepted the responsibility as readily as RS he lie had accepted accepted the task tash of capturIng Stony Point In to 1777 ayne l ayne aynes s popular nickname of Mad lad Mad Anthony Anthon nas as a misnomer Insofar as It Implied rashness and reckless daring But nut It wis ans 13 true hue as ns a synoD synonym D nym m for one poet poets s characterization of or him him- him fiery Cery heart and cool clear brain And If ever er adequate preparation caution and eternal vl lance had a splendid re reward ard they had It In Wayne b s campaign which culminated at ut rallen TImbers When Wayne took tool command of the army la In AprIl lagin 1792 he be found its men untrained last lad lag In discipline and with little faith In their officers rs not not much to be wondered at considering what had In 1700 1790 and 1791 1701 1 I ut sit Wayne ne about a thorough reorganization eten en to the name which he changed to The The LesIon Legion of the United States and which he be begin began drilling at Pittsburgh In June 1792 It was as his original plan to form an army ot of some ome men but he soon caw saw that this would be Impossible with the recruits that were fur nB cd him There were sere ere almost almot con constant taut deser dons even eten at Pittsburgh which was not fa far farenough r enough allathe away from the Indian country to allay alla y the fear of some DOme of or his soldiers who ho ho expected d yd the redskins to come whooping out of the lie for forests forests ests and scalp them as they drilled mom From December 1792 to May 17 1793 3 ll a ayne ayn awas e was as camped some Borne ome 27 miles below Pittsburgh nta na nt n t a place he named and during thi s time his army of 2 2500 WO men was as being hipped d Into some semblance of or a n military organization On May 8 he camped at nt Hobson a Choice so s o named Darned because he could find fins no other e ground In the vicinity In Au August negotiations negotiation s with the Indians wel e finally broken broJen off an and d Wayne Vayne arthe who already had been advancing ad toi to ard ar d tile the Indian country prepared for n a campal l n u which he be saw would mean the success cr or failure ure or of the United States State In enforcing Its rights against the British as well as the Indians In ln the UlO Ohio territory The next stopping place note noted In his or orderly erly book Head Quarters near tort 1 ort ort Hamilton n on October 0 9 1793 1703 At tills this point he be began an a n rigorous order of or march and constant vIgilance agaInst surprise attacks Mad Mall Mad Anthony bearing In III mind the earlier Her failures was as at great pains to Impress upon the troops troop the necessity of constant vigilance On n er 19 two soldiers rs were sere ere shot for sleeping hUe on sentry duty In that month cold weather weal cr II r f T 1 1 1 C Ca a I r Y Ya a Chief r rs Tattle Cow at s- s m an Turtle began bean to set In Wayne ordered order ell th the e army to hut but for the winter Inter tort Fort Green Greeny ill IlIe e was as built and there the expedition passed paned the th e winter during which Wane Wa ne continued g his bis men From Prom tort Fort Greem Greenville llIe he sent a t to St Clair Chairs s battlefield to bury the dead deall and to t o build another fort to which was wis given the sig sl name of tort Fort neCO Recovery ery Skirmishes during the spring brought heavy hea i lose loses on both sides but they did not stop Gen General General Ge eral Wayne ayne s preparations to advance ad ance The ans began bean to gather guther In force and on July Julya O 0 Oa a body tody of about 1 1500 GOO or 2 2000 met a t of 1 O men and ind officers near nar tort Fort Recovery ery The Th e battle lasted all day More than 22 officers an men were killed but at length the attackers attacker g 3 withdrew In confusion On July 27 7 preparations ln hiving been wide the main advance ance began ag again agn again n The on n r j d hard drill had transformed ayne s a men Into veterans In June the army hid had been ie to enforced enforce d by 1 COO mounted militia m from Kentucky nyne ll ayn e had llad also enlisted a force of frontiersmen lar tar with life Ilfe In the forest and trained In IndIan India n warfare to be used uell as scouts In this Corps o of i nf f Spies as as It It was Has as called were ere brothers brother e named who had h id been heen captives among the ie IndIans an experience which made their services sen Ices of special value alue Still Stil another was Capt W 11 ll Ham Ilam Wells who had also been a captive e had hadeen ij been Leen t een adopted by the married a dau Baugh Baughter li h ter of Chief I title Z 1 urtle and as i a white Indian bad had actually killed and scalped men of his 0 own n race at St Clair s defeat i General Wayne Wa ne s first encampment was as at Still Stillwater II water 12 miles from Greenville The second sas as w wat at nt Indian Encampment near tort Fort Recovery y The expedition then stopped long enough to build Fort Bort Randolph Mother nother delay was as caused when ben a falling fallen tree struck and nearly killed Gc Gen Genet Genet et al Wayne ane a ne on August 3 While the main body remained at the fort which was wis S also known as Fort St Mary Iary far and Gin tys ty s Town Ton Ton To n after Simon Girt the notorious white renegade a detachment went sent ent down St Marys Iary s rh river riser er and built a post called Fort Adams This mo move moc c was made to confuse the Indians Implying Ing as It did that Wayne intended to con c n time down the river Instead be he proceeded to toward ard the Maumee A deserter had warned the Indians of ot his approach and unprepared to resist the savages had deserted their villages and houses leaving large fields of standing corn The army came to several large villages lIla es and for miles they passed through the fields The troops were ere surprised at the fertility of the country and the industry of the Indians none of whom had remained In any of or the villages or settlements It was as soon boon s made known however howe that they had congre congregated gated up stream in force Coree to mike make a stand against the expedition Apprised of ot this situation and d expecting the attack ut at any time Mad lad Anthony steadily continued his advance ance At the confluence of the and Au Claire rivers he paused to build Fort Defiance on August 9 At this tills place he also stopped to parley with the Indians bearing In mind the th e desire of the government gO to make mahe a n peaceful settlement If It possible Christopher Miller glitter car tied ried on negotiations which ended when lien hen the In III fleas asked ten days to reach a decisIon Wayne suspicious of the delay and having S reason to believe lieUe that the tho Indians were only 01 waiting for tor re and had already prepared for a further advance On that day August 10 he went forward tor 12 miles The next nett day he advanced another 10 miles i ion and andon ln on AU August st 19 10 he lie commenced the erection on the banks of the Maumee of or a fort which he ca called Camp Deposit This was as built primarily for the protection of his heavy baggage with ith which he did not care to be encumbered n when hen the battle ba I b began an From rom Camp Deposit a British fort Fort lort Miami could be seen been This camp was as corn com commanded by Maj William Campbell of the Brit I Is h army and It was telle believed ell that it was n a rallying point for Cor the Indians Both the Indians t 4 E fi Wayne Memorial at Maumee Ohio and Wane ane expected the tIle British to join In th the upon the Americans when hen the time wa as ripe and Wa ne made plans to receive e the Brit British BritIsh Ish with his horsemen the Indians with the infantry the llie long expected battle came on the morning morn mornIng lag Ing of ot August 20 O As Wa ne s army arm ad advanced cautiously along the western estern binl ban s of the Mau Mauwee wee mee the American general sin siw that the Indian general t I little Ittle Turtle had hall chosen his battlefield Ith great reat skill Here lIere a tornado had hall swept through the forest covering co the ground round with fallen trees The left fink flink of the fife Indians post tion was covered ered by the Maumee Mm mee and their front by a n tangle of or logs los which In the words ot of o ayne Layne ayne rendered It impracticable for cavalry to tact act with effect and afforded the enemy the most favorable fa covert ert for their Sl savage method ot of w Undaunted by this Wayne at once deployed his forces In two lines with his Kentucky volun test ter cavalry on his left flank and sent these under General Scott to gain and turn theIr rIght with spirit and promptitude Waynes Wayno nyne s official report of ot the battle bittle tint follo followed ell Is n a i laconic account of ot this battle bittle which svgs wis over I almost before It began lIe He sa sass s I I ordered the front line to advance will ith trailed arms rouse the Indians from their coverts cov erts at the point of the bayonet and when up t to deliver a close and wel directed fire on theIr backs followed follo ed b by bJ a n brisk charge chare so as ns not to gh give e time to load again Such wis nes tin the tho Impetuosity of the Ule charge by the first line of o Infantry that the lie in to and Canadian militia and volunteers sets el e driven en from nil all their coverts cov coy erts errs In so co short a time that although e ever ery exertion was nas as used usell by officers of the second line of the legion and by Generals Scott Todd and in Barber Buber of the Mounted to gain their proper positions yet but a part pirt of each coul could get up In season ceason to participate In th the ilia action the enemy being driven In the course of in an hour more than two vo miles through h the he thick woods wood ala mentioned ned by less than one half halt of their numbers From e every ery account the tho enemy enem amounted to t two 0 thousand combatants and the thi lianas troops thorn u unto short of nine hundred The rout of ot the Indians was complete an and tile fled toward the British fort whose hose gates gate ates they the expected would be opened to them instead the British kept their outer wall nail tightly closed dosed and the confused Indians closely followed by bv bythe the American riflemen abandoned their camp cam and equipment and fled to the Woods The n next t day W a ne marched his men so si close to the fort as to bring from Its hauht haught commander a demand to know as IS speedily as pos possible In what shat light I am to view lew your making such near approaches to this garrison II To thi this Mad lad Mad Anthony sent a characteristic ch reply Without questioning the Sir of or your Interrogatory Interrogator I 1 m observe c to you ou that were ere you y u entitled to an answer the lie most full Cull and satisfactory oneas one was as announced to you from the Inthe muzzles of my small arms arias yesterday morning In the actions against the hordes of ot sa savages ages In the tin vicinity of your post But had It continued until the Indians etc had been driven drien en under unde the Influence of the post and guns you mention they would not have hafe much Impeded the pro progress ress of the Army under my command Later a ne fell back to Fort Defiance but buto butI I the next net month he advanced ancel Miami villager to the Miami vil n lager lages near the of s defeat and for the next neat month his men were busily engaged ed In the destruction of the villages and crops of ot the Indians Aex ext J ext he built a 11 post to which he ga gale gae e the name of Fort Wayne ayne nyne from which grew V the modern city of that name and then lien retired to l i lort ort Greenville Green to into go winter sinter Inter quarters the rile last act of ot the drama came In the summer of ot 17 when Chief I little Ittle Turtle who had hai the Indians against trying to oppose this chief who ne newer never er sleeps and advised ad Iced them to mal tomal male e a peace pLUe while there still was time led his defeated tribesmen and their allies to the tort fort to engage in the negotiations which resulted In the Inthe historic treaty 1 of or Fort lort GI In the words of ot a recent historian ne Beverley erley W lv Bond nond Jr author of I he of the th theOld Old orth 1 est published by the Macmillan corn com pany parry company this treaty marked the that Important victory over o the Indians In the Old I comI I Jt It 1 1 est ci the section west |