Show the great and joyful news of PEACE between america and great britain 0 reached this city this evening a N aw 4 7 f ise I 1 TT rl S wa 4 alt THE re PEACE ACE OF GHENT 1114 1814 AND TRIUMPH OP OF AMERICA RICA this allegorical picture drawn by wll wit if lam rl auton engraved by chataignier and published by P price jr of philadelphia was wa very popular throughout the united states after the end of the wr war of 1112 1812 its design Is thus thui described nerva cepro tho the w aldom of the ho united states mercury her commerce hercules her force minerva dictates their conditions of peace which mercury presents present to brittania and hercules Hercul ev forces her to accept them on tho the shield flold of minerva aro are the names of those who alfeed the th treaty on the obelisk ob ellik those of the braves brave fl on the other side ilde america passes in triumph through the he arch on n her way to the h temple of peace she Is attended by victory and followed by a numerous train several trophies are seen and in the background are th 0 ru ing of the capitol hy dy E ELMO SCOTT WATSON 0 newspaper union N CHRISTMAS eve 0 ON years ago the english speaking peoples 0 of the world had good reason for singing peace on earth good will to men over in the ancient city of ghent irk in southern netherlands now belgium eight men representing the united states of america and great britain were signing a treaty jo 40 end the two year war which those two nations had fidd been car carrying crying on against r evic each other hother it had been fought on sea and on the soil of the united states and her neighbor canada it was the second war which these two nations had fought but it was destined to be the last during the next century they kept the peace established d between them at ghent and symbolic of their lasting friendship is the 1000 mile border line between canada and the united states along which there is not a single fortification on either side not only have the two nations kept the peace with each other for more than years but during that time they have fought side by side as allies in the greatest conflict the world has ever known A little over a month ago they were parties to another treaty on november 17 in the historic mirrored east room of the white 0 V a 10 christophe it HUGHES JR house where the ill starred kely logg briand antiwar anti antl war pact was signed five men sir ronald lindsay british ambassador to the united states arnold E overton secretary of the british board of trade cordell hull american Amb rican secretary of state president franklin D roosevelt and mackenzie king prime minister of canada signed the trade agreements which link the three english speaking democracies together as common foes of international trade barriers and align 1 them against the totalitarian policy of self 11 the treaty of ghent was the de delayed layrd culmination of a chain of events wh h had started within wree three months after the war had officially begun on june 18 1812 president james madison signed the bill passed by congress declaring war against great britain at that time john quincy adams was american minister at the russian court when the news reached st petersburg czar alexander expressed his regret to adams that the two countries should be at war and began making efforts to bring about a peace he sent instructions to M Dasch kofT koff his representative at washington to offer to the united uni t ed states his friendly services in ending the war president madison had been eager for a peace if it could be secured on honorable te terms in dussias Rus sias offer he saw a way 0 o bring that about he immedi immediately abely accepted dasch koffs 0 offer and 4 appointed pointed albert gallatin Gallat ln secretary of the treasury and sc senator james A bayard d of delaware as envoys extraordinary tra to act with adams in negotiating a peace treaty with england at st petersburg the british government however refused to treat for peace under the auspices of russia but offered to open negotiations in london or in gottenburg in sweden president madison immediately accepted this proposal and chose the latter place for the meeting A short time later the city of ghent was substituted tor for gottenburg there the american commis assembled in the summer of 1814 they were john quincy adams james A bayard albert gallatin Gallat ln henry clay of kentucky and jonathan russell the secretary of the american commissioners was christopher hughes J jr r then our charge daf faires at S stockholm tock holm the british commissioners were lord gambler ambler G henry goulburn and william adams they arrived in ghent in august and negotiations began immediately but progress was slow for the british representatives had been instructed to make no concessions to the main demands of the americans instead they were to try to gain as many concessions from them as possible this fact combined with their arrogant attitude irritated the americans who were suspicious of virtually every suggestion offered by the Britis hers especially was this true of john quincy adsms adams head of the dall delegation gation his irascibility increased us as the conference dragged on and on and only the tact and diplomacy of albert gallatin more than once saved the conference from ending with nothing accomplished after a deadlock that lasted for several weeks cheeks there came from america the news of the british defeat at plattsburgh Platts burgh this strengthened the hands of the american commissioners and combined with a change in the diplomatic situation in europe which made it advisable for england to conclude a peace as quickly as possible finally put an end to the wrangling an agreement was reached on christmas eve a and nd th the e treaty was signed the treaty was immediately taken to london by mr baker secretary to lord gambler and mr carroll one ot of the secretaries of the american commissioners sio ners there it was ratified on december 28 by the prince regent and then sent to america by the same messengers they sailed in the british sloop of war favorite on january 2 3 1815 and arri arrived vedin in now new york on the evening of february 11 christopher hughes had left ghent with a copy pt af the treaty at the same time as the other messengers had proceeded to texel and there embarked for america MT ML american medal commemorating tho the treaty of ghent on the schooner transit this vessel arrived at annapolis md two days after tho the favorite deac reached h ed new york but hughes was in washington with his copy of the treaty before the ratified copy arrived news of the arrival of the favorite in new york s soon oon spread over the city the publisher of the mercantile advertiser printed extras slips of paper five by six inches in size which bore these words PEACE new york saturday evening evenin g 9 february 11 ibi s the great and joyful news of PEACE between tho the united states and great britain reached this city aua evening by t he 0 british sloop of war favorite the mun hon J U mowatt esq commander in forty two days from plymouth u th henry carroll esq secret secretary ry of the american legation nt at ghent Is the wel come bearer ot of the treaty which was signed at ghent on t the he of december by the respective commissioners and ratified by the british government on the december mr baker late secretary to the british legation at washington has also arrived in the stoop sloop of war with a copy ut of the treaty raffled by the british government these extras were thrown out of the windows of the newspaper office and eagerly caught up by the excited crowds who in the words of a contemporary made the night vocal with huz zas 11 there was rejoicing in england too and in both countries special medals were struck in commemoration of the great event the english medal bore 0 on n one side the words treaty of peace and amity between great britain and the united states of america signed at ghent december 24 1814 11 upon the other side was a feminine figure standing upon the segment of a globe bearing the cornucopia of pie plenty ty and holding in one hand the olive branch of pence peace surrounding tills this figure were the words appropriate to the christmas season on lot the earth peace goodwill good will to me men n to despite all the rejoicing in both england and america over the end of the war it Is noteworthy that there was dissatisfaction with the treaty in both countries the english tories and then their newspapers condemned the treaty because it yielded too much to what they called the insolent yankees and they continued to tc disparage tho the american people and the american republic C among some factions in tills this country the tha pence peace was regarded almost as unsatisfactory as the war had been the antl adminis forces pointed out that the important issue of of A american seamen was not mentioned mention ed in the treaty and such problems as the longstanding long standing dispute over boundaries the newfoundland found land fisheries and navigation of the mis mississippi sis sippi remained remain ed unsolved ono one of their newspapers the now new york evening post t in I 1 its now new years address had declared your commerce ll is wantonly lo 10 lost st your treasures are arc wasted and gone youve ought fought to no end but with millions of cost and for or rivers of 0 blood youve nothing to boast but credit and nation undone and when the terms of the treaty were ma made de known the criticism in that stanza seemed abundantly j justified U stifled despite all the abuse that was heaped upon the treaty and ill the 0 men who made it it was ratified by unanimous vote of the senate on february 17 1815 and it was promulgated the next day by proclamation of president madison although the american commissioners ners had not gained all that the administration had hoped they might in the words of one historian far more important to this country and the world than i 92 ALBRRT ALBERT GALLATIN the security of incidental advantages was the establishment by the war of the positive and permanent independence of the un united t states and with it a g guarantee ua rantee to the ties of t the he pl perpetuation and growth of free institutions great britain had been taught by the lessons of the war that the young republic the offspring of her oppressions oppress ions growing moro more lusty every hour would no longer tole tolerate rate an insult or suffer its sovereignty to be questioned without res resenting entin 9 the offense and she was com compelled belled to sign a bond as it were to keep the peace in the form of an acknowledgment know that r she had in that republic a formidable rival for the supremacy of the seas which she was bound to re respect 11 F for or americas victories on the sea had been impressive and for the first time in history the domination of the mistress of the seas had been successfully challenged on land however the opposite had been true with one or two exceptions our mil military I 1 t a r y operations p erat ions had been bungling and more often resulted in defeat than in victory and then like the proverbial bolt from the blue came the news that an american general had won a victory over En glands best troops on january 8 1815 gen andrew jackson with his motley army of kentucky and tennessee frontiersmen creoles cheoles Cr eoles and jean La fittes pirates had smashed the army led by general pakenham against new orleans an army composed of wel ling tons vete ars who had helped him win fe fame in the peninsula war forgotten now was the dissatisfaction over the treaty forgotten were all the defeats and disasters which had overtaken our armies during the two years of the war old hickory jackson was the hero of the hour to a country coun try that had almost completely lost faith in itself to a country that had almost learned to cringe this news came like a reprieve to a man on the gallows it was wa literally t crazed with joy and in its delirium it flung the name of andrew jackson against the stars christmas 1814 1314 may not have been a very happy one for most americans but christmas 1815 certainly was andrew jackson had saved th the e self respect of the nation early in the year by the time christmas came around a r aund a new national prosperity was ul al ready on the way and out of that thai prosperity and the peacetime readjustment of national affat affairs irs came eventually the i era of good feeling which distin the administration of matisons Madi sons successor james monroe M 0 n |